分析の美学-詩と夢

概要

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The great skeptic, Sigmund Freud, who refused to believe in anything but what science proved, never doubted the semantic value of a dream. William Empson, who complained of the 'unexplained beauty' of literary works, also never doubted the semantic value of a poem. While Freud almost 'created' his own meanings out of chaotic absudities of a dream phenomenon, Empson made his own versions out of some poems. And both of them were surprised at the ambiguous qualities which dreams and poems commonly possess. The relentlessness and completeness of the Empsonian analytic method has some remarkable likeness to that of Freud's; but this cannot be put aside as an influence of the one upon the other, or as a mere methodological coincidence. The problem seems to have some close connections with the essential natures of both poems and dreams. In the following pages the present writer scrutinizes the linguistic structures of poems, referring to Freud's original insights into the characteristic features of dreams: the Empsonian concept of ambiguity as a norm of literary judgement explained in terms of the Freudian concept of Komplex; autonomous aspects of poetry compared with dream's symbolic expressiveness; the value of ambiguity as a criteria of poetry discussed in the light of communication theory propagated by LA. Richards.
1970-12-25