有島武郎『クララの出家』の主題 : 文学研究における性心理学的方法の可能性と限界(方法論の問題)
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1. Recently we often find many psychoanalytical studies of Japanese literature, especially of modern literature. Arishima, the writer of the Shirakaba group, has been a subject of such study. 2. Arishima read the Life of St. Francis of Assisi, written by Paul Sabatier, in January of 1903 and was influenced by it. The influence was seen in his later works ever afterward; for instance, the plot of Kurara-no-Shukke, (St. Clara's Entering the Priesthood), which was published in 1917, depends basically upon it. 3. On the other hand, in March of 1916 Arishima read Studies in the Psychology of Sex, written by Havelock Ellis, and got a certain knowledge of the psychology of sex from it. Some fruit of it also appears in the novel. 4. There are many descriptions of dreams, especially sexual dreams, in the novel. The idea comes from Ellis. However, the contents of the dreams are very different from Ellis's or Freud's. St. Clara's dream exposes a conflict between a sexual or wordly desire and religious faith; in the end, religious faith wins, and St. Clara's mind becomes stable. In this the daeam differs essencially from the ideas of dreams of Ellis or Freud. 5. Kurara-no-Shukke therefore, does not analyze the sexual or worldly desire at the bottom of a holy woman, but assumes it as precondition, describing a believer who fixed her faith through conflict with such other kinds of desire; that is the theme of this novel, I think. The psychological study of sex is very profitable for us to make clear certain conditions or circumstances of spirit in the novel centering around this theme. However, the psychological understanding of sex is not simply the theme.
- 1965-03-01
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