60年代の非同盟
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概要
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The non-aligned movement in the 1960's was unique in its independence from not only the Afro-Asian movement but also from the non-aligned movement after the 1970's. To be sure, the later non-aligned movement took over many ideas from the AA movement. But the real origin of non-alignment was when Tito, Nasser and Nehru, who took the initiative in the movement, strengthened their relationship in the second half of the 1950's. It is usually taken for granted that non-alignment assumed the mantle of authority from the AA movement, due to the strong considerations of the ideological side of non-alignment. However, if attention is given not solely to the ideological side but to the movement itself, it is natural to view non-alignment as independent of the AA movement. The non-aligned movement in the 1960's is clearly different from the movement after the 1970's. A feature of the movement in the 1960's was that the non-aligned countries did not exercise unilateral control over other members. This made them more influential in international politics. However, in the second half of the 1960's, the movement reached a deadlock because of this attitude. As a result of lessons learned from this experience, the non-aligned countries organized themselves after 1970. In the 1970's, the non-aligned countries renewed their movement by abandoning features of the 1960's movement which had impeded progress. Thus, the non-aligned movement in the 1960's found itself in a unique position in international politics. The two conferences of non-aligned countries held in the 1960's (Belgrade, 1961 and Cairo, 1964) differed significantly, owing to the change in the international environment over the intervening three years. The Belgrade Conference adopted a declaration which focussed on the problem of "war and peace" rather than "anti-colonialism", while "anti-colonialism" was a principle focus of the Cairo Conference. But anti-colonialism in Belgrade had a different meaning from that in Cairo. In 1961 current problems included wars in Algeria and Congo, giving the term anti-colonialism a definite anti-West conotation. By 1964 there were many fewer interventions by western states in Africa and Asia, and so anti-colonialism no longer had anti-western implications. The transition from Belgrade to Cairo is very important, as it led to that revival of the non-aligned movement after the 1970's.
- 敬愛大学・千葉敬愛短期大学の論文