加齢と癌,とくに口腔癌
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概要
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There are many evidences that incidence of cancer, especially of oral and lip carcinoma in human increases with age. Notwithstanding considerable variations in types of the spontaneous tumors, experimental animals also demonstrate age-related increase in tumor incidence. The available data on a number of experiments involving administration of chemical carcinogenic agents to laboratory animals of different ages are inconsistent and rather controversial, because age-related decrease and increase in the sensitivity of cells and tissues to the carcinogen or no effect of age at all are widely observed. Metabolic activation and/or inactivation of a carcinogenic compound is undoubtedly one of the most important factors modifying the effect of aging on carcinogenesis. In the recent analyses, age-related changes in the activity of enzymes metabolizing carcinogens determine the effective dose of a damaging agent or its active metabolite. Nevertheless, it seems that at present the related data are too scarce to postulate a leading role for the age-related dynamics of carcinogen. It is also discussed in this paper that during normal life, radom heritable changes may occur by accident in many cells. When certain such changes are fully accumulated in a single (or a small number of) particular cell, the result may be proliferation into a recognizable cancer. However, of all the heritable changes that might occur in a cell, the majority will presumably ignoring lethal changes and irrelevant to carcinogenesis. In old age most cells must have suffered many non-lethal heritable changes by the same general mechanisms being involved in carcinogenesis. Many investigators have suggested that this accumulation of somatic changes is the fundamental process of aging. These random heritable changes arised in the particular cells of an organism would presumably affect not only the timespan of aging, but also that of carcinogenesis. If this is true, the age-associated accumulation of a carcinogenic dose acquired for tumor induction in susceptible individuals is a priori an important factor of an increase of frequency of cancer in old ages, even if aging itself does not affect carcinogenesis.
- 鹿児島大学の論文
- 1992-03-25
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