地方中小企業の労働力構成とその特質 : 鹿児島県における企業実態調査分析

概要

論文の詳細を見る
In the employment-structure in Japan an occurrence of noteworthy changes was noted in 1980s. The changes were considered to be instanced in the increasing in female employment and part-time employment. The high rate of the number of the female employees in part-timers led naturally to an increasing of female employment. Most of the female part-timers are composed of middle/high aged women employed mainly in service-section in the industries, like marketing ; and in manufacturing section, like foods, textile, and electrical machineries. In the industrial world, Kagoshima prefecture is one of the underdeveloped ones. And the manufacturing industries have mainly been dependent upon female labours. In this prefecture, concerning two companies, one of food, the other of textile, industrial investigation and analyses were executed on the structure-characteristics and labour force managemant. With all the differences in the manufacturing items, both of the companies are alike in the point of being small/middle scaled industries. The results obtaind are summarized as follows : 1. In case of the Food Company (A), of 428 employees, 51% is female, 35% of whom being part-timers. In cace of the Textile Company (B) employing 3040 employees, approximately 92% is female, most of whom being part-timers and paid-by-the-job weavers, and only 4% is the regular staff. 2. In both companies men in responsibilities are confined to the members of the regular staff, and in working sections, most of the employees are 40〜50 years old part-time women. After being emancipated from the baby-breeding and child-raising they put themselve to the present jobs to get an additional income. 3. Distribution of labour forces is carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the production processes. Young regular staff are stationed to the divisions requiring skills, and middle/high-aged female part-timers are stationed to the divisions of the maintenance and to the others. In case of the food-company, in accordance with the on-line-system, part-timers are in practice of working for 8 hours, together with the regular-staff. In case of the textile company, labour-force-distribution is more complicated. And the weaving operation in which a big amount of labour force is required, is performed in the respective branch factories located in differnt areas in this prefecture. In such a case as this, the middle/high-aged women are employed widely. 4. The form of wages is full of varieties, for example, regular staff are paid by the month, full-part-time employees, by the day, and part-time employees, by the hour, respectively. In case of textile company, a piece-work system is adopted in many sections, and in this case division of labour and of skills comes to be necessary. 5. Rather low wages are alloted to the part-time employees, being lowest in the local standard. Bonus is paid only to the full-time employees. The wage alloted to weaver is much lower. 6. The existence of the local small/middle-scaled industries has been wholly dependent upon the employment of the middle/high-aged women workers. At present, comparatively low wages which are only enough to be looked upon as an additional income, are wanted by these women workers. However, owing to the shortage of labour force and to the increasing of the women desiring to get jobs, and according to the conditions ascertained at the investigated companies, it was reasonably assumed that the employment of the middle/high-aged women workers at such low wages might have to become quite difficult. Basing on the results above mentioned, as the counter-measures recommendable to the industries in this prefecture, the following have been fixed : 1) Reduction of the indispensable labour forces by the in ducement of technical innovations. 2) Reasonable and effective practice of part-time employees in place of the regular staff. 3) Standing on the basis of 2) enhancement of the rate of part-time employees' employment. 4) Atte
鹿児島大学の論文
1993-03-31

地方中小企業の労働力構成とその特質 : 鹿児島県における企業実態調査分析

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク