東北水田単作地帯における後退期地主経済の動向 : 秋田県200町歩地主塩田家を事例として

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What is purposed by the author in this paper is to clarify the developmental process of the large-scale landlord in the Tohoku districts, with the Shiota family in Akita prefecture taken as a case-study. The Shiotas' accumulations of land which had proceeded from the latter days of the Tokugawa regime to the Meiji era were amounted to be in possession of 216 hectare (cho) in 1928. The author's conclusions are as follows. (1) 1884-1905 ; The Shiotas' concentrations of land proceeded rapidly, with their completion of the management-system controlling the tenant farmers. (2) 1906-1920 ; The Shiotas' income from farm rents increased rapidly because of the extended landholding and of the increased rice-productivity. Consequently the Shiotas were enabled to get a substantial amount of surplus funds, a large part of them being invested in stocks. (3) 1921-1927 ; The rice-productivity was stable at high level, which enabled the Shiotas to obtain the largest amount of rents in their lifetime. On the other hand, this increasing rice-productivity brought about some rise in the life-levels of the tenant farmers, enabling the upper class of whom to grow into commodity-producing tenants. In this period, as to Shiotas' income, there happened an important change, that is, the income from stocks came to account for 30-40% of all the incomes. (4) 1928-1934 ; The decline of Shiotas began after the economic depression of 1927 and 1930. A marked decrease of income was brought about by the falling of the rice-price, the income from stocks showing a sharp decrease, too. After the depression the Shiotas were enforced to reduce their investment, and finally to sell their land. (5) 1935-1940 ; The rice-productivity increased and the rice-price rose again. Consequently the Shiotas' income also increased rapidly. But they were incapable of starting any new investment, and were compelled to put almost all the surplus funds in the hands of the Ueda-Tochi-Kinyu-Kabushiki-Kaisha. (6) 1941-1945 ; The decline of landlordism was accelerated by the war-system. With the execution of the controlling of rents and the introduction of a double-price system on rice, the Shiotas' income could not help undergoing a remarkable decrease, so that they were compelled to sell their own lands-rice-land and residential land. In spite of such a process as this, the Shiotas still maintained a fairly large landholding-the rice-land of 200 cho and the forest-land of about 100 cho-until the enforcement of the Land Reform was performed after the World War II.
鹿児島大学の論文
1980-03-19

東北水田単作地帯における後退期地主経済の動向 : 秋田県200町歩地主塩田家を事例として

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