チカノアートの歴史 : 対抗文化からの脱構築
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概要
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The Hispanic population is rapidly increasing. The U. S. 2000 Census reports that the Hispanic population has reached some 35 million, which is 12 percent of the total national population. They will soon surpass the population of African Americans and become the largest minority in the U. S. Although their origins lie in Spanish speaking countries, not all Hispanics can speak Spanish. A significant number, however, speak only Spanish, or are able to speak both Spanish and English. The largest population in the Hispanic community is Mexican American, who identify themselves using terms such as Latino, Mexican, or Chicano. The meaning and usage of these terms, however, are not identical. In this article, Chicano(-a) will be used because of its association with the term as it was used by Mexican Americans to identify themselves as a counter-governmental ethnic group during the times of the escalating Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and '70s. During this time, Chicano resistance to the government was the basis of not only a political movement, but also a cultural one. They painted murals (wall paintings) expressing symbolic counter-cultural pictures. These murals were greatly influenced by the Mural Movement of 1920s Mexico, which influenced the reconstruction of the Mexican State and integration of the nation following the Mexican Revolution. As with the Mural Movement of the 1920s, the Chicano murals greatly influenced the Civil Rights Movement of the Mexican American people. This article emphasizes the history of Chicano Art as it relates to the social background of the Mexican American people. In the first section of this paper, the 1920's Mural Movement in Mexico and the Chicano counter-culture will be discussed. The second part of this paper presents some concrete examples of Chicano murals and pictures, and explains their political power as it relates to the counter-cultural movement and social background of the Mexican American people. Finally, paying attention to some various changes of the character of Chicano Art, it is concluded that recent Chicano Art has been greatly influenced by a global wave of postmodern culture.
- 城西大学の論文
- 2001-10-01
著者
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