外交と対外政策における女性の役割の変遷(<特集>女性とその時代)

概要

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In the late twentieth century, women have increasingly risen to become national leaders and diplomats, although their number is still small. Women have, until recently, been largely excluded from senior positions in foreign policy and diplomacy; the "sanctities" of men. This essay is an attempt to examine the changing roles of women in international relations by taking notice of the concept of gender. First, the historical development of women's roles in international relations will be discussed. Next, the question of why diplomacy has been regarded as an "unsuitable job for women" will be explored. The discussion during World War Two of the British authority on diplomacy, Harold Nicholson, and of the British Foreign Office in the interwar period, will be taken up in turn. Then, the author will try to analyze the characteristics of women as national leaders. Their images such as "iron lady", "iron dove", and "reconciliating woman" will be analyzed in terms of their foreign policy. In addition, the author will refer to the increasingly important role of women in international economic negotiations. The perception of diplomacy/foreign policy as an "unsuitable job for women" may be fading away in the long run. Now seems to be the time to rethink women's roles in international politics along with a changing structure of gendered international relations.
1996-08-31