「五月」のあとで : ヌマイリー体制崩壊後のスーダンの政治状況についての覚書
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概要
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In April 1985, the regime of Muhammad Ja'far Numayri in the Sudan (which was called the "May Regime" after the May coup d'etat of 1969) was overthrown as a result of the popular uprising. In April 1986, just one year after the uprising, an election was held, and the Sudan, after the 16 years of the May Regime, began to tread the path of parliamentary democracy once again. The result of the election was described as a "return to the traditional pattern" in the sense that the political powers such as the Umma Party and the Unionists, which had been influential in the pre-May period, returned to the power. At the same time, however, some changes were observed, for "the Umma Party, which had been a rightist power, turned into a middle-leftist power, while the Unionists, which had been a middle-leftist power, turned into a rightist power". It was also observed that the Sudanese intelligentsia, which had been one of the main props of the communist party, became largely "Islamized" and turned into the main supporters of the Islamic National Front. In this thesis, we attempt a brief analysis of the meaning of these phenomena and try-through this analysis-to throw a light upon the social and political changes the May Regime caused in the Sudanese society. In chapter 2, we deal with the historical and ideological basis of the Umma Party, which is characterized by its emphasis upon the "Sudanese" nationalism (as a thing distinguishable from the "Egyptian" nationalism), emphasis upon the "Africanism" (as a thing distinguishable from the "Arab" nationalism), and its insistence upon being an "Islamic" party based on the historical experience of the Sudan. We consider why the Umma Party (which was a symbol of the reactionary forces in the pre-May period) is able to play-to a certain extent-a "national and progressive" role in the present political situation in the Sudan. And-through this analysis-we look into some of the fundamental problems caused by the May Regime, i.e., the economic, political, and military dependency upon the outside world (which was typically expressed on one hand, in the intimate relationship with Egypt, and was expressed, on the other hand, in the increasing influence of the oil-producing Arab Gulf states on the political process in the Sudan), and the so-called "Southern Problem" which was caused and intensified by this very nature of the May Regime. In chapter 3, we deal with the historical and ideological basis of the Unionists, which is characterized by the features just opposite to those of the Umma Party, and consider the meaning of the so-called "retrogression" of the Unionists in the present political scene in the Sudan. In chapter 4, we look into the role of the intelligentsia in the Sudanese politics, and proceed to consider the meaning of the increasing influence of the Muslim Brotherhood among the Sudanese intelligentsia. And in this phenomenon of the "Islamization" of the intelligentsia-which is a direct result of the May Regime's policy aimed at the containment of the communism, and has been eagerly supported and encouraged by the oil-producing Gulf states-we observe another "heritage" of the May Regime, an element of continuity between the May Regime period and the present period, which threatens the struggle of the Sudanese people for the liberation from dependency.
- 日本中東学会の論文
- 1987-03-31