Entropy in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics(General)

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概要

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• Entropy in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is investigated theoretically so as to extend the well-established equilibrium framework to open nonequilibrium systems. We first derive a microscopic expression of nonequilibrium entropy for an assembly of identical bosons/fermions interacting via a twobody potential. This is performed by starting from the Dyson equation on the Keldysh contour and following closely the procedure of Ivanov, Knoll, and Voskresensky [Nucl. Phys. A 672 (2000) 313]. The obtained expression is identical in form with an exact expression of equilibrium entropy and obeys an equation of motion which satisfies the H-theorem in a limiting case. Thus, entropy can be defined unambiguously in nonequilibrium systems so as to embrace equilibrium statistical mechanics. This expression, however, differs from the one obtained by Ivanov et al., and we show explicitly that their "memory corrections" are not necessary. Based on our expression of nonequilibrium entropy, we then propose the following principle of maximum entropy for nonequilibrium steady states: "The state which is realized most probably among possible steady states without time evolution is the one that makes entropy maximum as a function of mechanical variables, such as the total particle number, energy, momentum, energy flux, etc." During the course of the study, we also develop a compact real-time perturbation expansion in terms of the matrix Keldysh Green's function.

• 社団法人日本物理学会の論文
• 2006-11-15

著者

• Kita T

  Hokkaido Univ. Sapporo Jpn

• Kita T

  Hokkaido Univ. Sapporo

• KITA Takafumi

  Department of Physics, Hokkaido University

• Kita Takafumi

  Depertment Of Applied Physics Faculty Of Engineering The University Of Tokyo

• Kita Takafumi

  Department Of Applied Physics Faculty Of Engineering The University Of Tokyo

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