A Study on the Golgi Apparatus of Neurones in Some Invertebrates and Vertebrates

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A comparative study of the Golgi apparatus in neurones has been done, the use being made of a rather wide range of materials of invertebrates such as grasshoppers, crayfishes, cuttlefishes and silkworms, and of vertebrates including domestic fowls, rabbits, cats, toads and silver carps. The investigations were based on classical methods involving Kolatchev's method, Nassonov's and Dolton's modifications of the Kolatchev method, and on the impregnation methods devised by Mann-Kopsch, Da Fano and Aoyama. Both light and phase contrast microscopes were used for observation. Baker's calcium saline solution, normal human plasma, Ringer's solution or 0.88M. sucrose were used as mounting medium of tissue pieces. Supravital staining method with neutral red or methylene blue, together with several other staining methods with Sudan black were employed in experiments. The Golgi apparatus occurring in neurones of invertebrate animals here under study consists of granular, short rod-like or crescentic bodies, the so-called dictyosomes which are scattered in the cytoplasm around the nucleus. They are impregnated dark brown to black with silver or osmium. Observations of fresh isolated invertebrate neurones under a phase contrast microscope have revealed the occurrence of canalicules or vacuoles lying in the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. They correspond in position, size and form to the dictyosomes as observed in the impregnation preparations. The dictyosomes differ in size and shape according to the difference of the species. Sudan black with the support of a variety of staining methods does not usually stain the dictyosomes, but colors a kind of granules occurring in the cytoplasm. Neutral red also does not stain the dictyosomes, but there are other granules stained uniformly red with this dye. These granules are identical in nature with the sudanophilic granules and are observable under the phase microscope. It seems apparent that they are the so-called 'lipochondria' designated by Baker. The Golgi apparatus as generally demonstrated with several classical methods in neurones of vertebrate animals appears in the structure of a network which is localized surrounding the nucleus or situated at one site of the cytoplasm, forming the so-called Golgi area. However, closer examinations reveal that it actually consists of individual strands which are entirely discontinuous from each other. Such Golgi strands show a variation in size and shape according to the species of animals (Textfig. 1): they vary in a series ranging from a simple dictyosome-like body to an elongated one with their one end lying on the other. They are of a simple type in neurones of the silver carp and of a more developed or complex type in neurones of the domestic fowl, rabbit and cat. Observations of fresh neurones with phase optics have revealed the occurrence of canalicules or vacuoles, either scattered in the cytoplasm around the nucleus, or assembled in one portion of the cytoplasm. They are a general feature of the Golgi apparatus as found in living neurones. The Golgi strands are not stained with various Sudan black staining methods, although sudanophilic granules are observed in the cytoplasm of the neurones. These granules are stained homogeneously red with neutral red in the supravital staining method. They are similar in nature to those occurring in neurones of invertebrate animals and evidently are 'lipochondria'. Neutral red does not usually stain supravitally the Golgi canalicules or vacuoles. The results derived from the present author's investigations based on the neurones of some invertebrates and vertebrates have presented evidence indicating that there is no fundamental difference between the dictyosomes and the Golgi network-apparatus, and that the former consist of a number of simple Golgi strands, while the latter is an agglomeration of Golgi strands of variable size and shape in the general appearance of a network, the component elements of which are discontinuous from each other. The Golgi strands practically differ in length, girth and degree of bending in different species of animals: they tend to be greater in length and degree of bending in animals which are higher in evolutionary scale.
大阪府立大学の論文
1961-12-20

A Study on the Golgi Apparatus of Neurones in Some Invertebrates and Vertebrates

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