豊川水系に見る「鬼」 : 鬼に見るその民俗的性格
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概要
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On this article, author tries to describe about Oni. The Oni is transcript into demon, evil, evil-deity or evil-spirits and so on. There are usually bad images with this word Oni. But if someone observes Oni precisely, then there will be another images of Oni appear. Occasionally it plays a guardian of the local-area and for the person who stay there. This image, Oni as a guardian of the area, can man easily find out at Hanamatsuri in Kitashitara-district, and Oni-festivals around Toyohashi and Toyokawa area. In festival Oni in Kitashitara appears deep in a night and steps a magical step at maido where festivals held, on purpose of stabilize the ground or the local-area and specially for a house, whom the owner invites to pray for safeness and to cure illness and for prosperity. Man believes that by the power of magical steps bad spirits are driven away and the sphere will calm down and also every badness disappears. The Oni in this Hanamatsuri-festival does no harm to the people, but it only celebrates the people, who gather at the maido, where festival is held. Oni celebrates people and brings prosperity or good things for the people. This is seen at Toyokawa and Toyohashi area. In this area, Oni runs out from the shrine, where they supposed to stay, and appears by the celemony, and runs out from shrine, distributes sweets to the followers, such as children, who run in to houses and throw sweets as present from Oni. From these cases one can easily say that Oni is very kind to the people, and occasionally it is a guardian to the people, but does no harm to them. Oni as guardian of a local area may be one of very old ideas or characters, it may means that old elements of Oni still remains these areas. But watching through festivals, where Oni appears we can characterize that there are several types Oni. A) Hanamatsuri=type, B) Toyamamatsuri, where celebrates Oni as ancestor, C) Oni in Dengaku-festival, masked man celebrates for good harvest and wealth. But this type can be devided into three types such as Damine type C2, this type is quite different to Niino, and the performance of Kurosawa, Terano, Hutokoroyama Kanzawa as C3 type because we can find iron manufactural elements in it. And as type D I classified is the Oni around Toyohash and Toyokawa. And adding to it, type E, such as SASAODORI, three masked persons dram and dance covering their faces. Author classifies this SASAODORI as one of Oni, because Oni character is in origin=Oni not, and means hiddenone, and=qui in Chinese pronounciation it means spirit of ancestor, usually unseen to the living person. And author thinks that the dancers of SASAODORI with dram and coverd face represent the ancestors of the people.
- 2003-03-31
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