垂直跳および着地動作におけるパワー発揮の大きさと下肢関節の貢献度(1部生体の力学的特性)

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The purposes of this study were to identify the changes in moments, powers, mechanical works, and contributions of the lower limb joints in vertical jump takeoff and landing from vertical fall, and to propose an interpretation of recruitment of the body segments in sports skills. Fifteen male track and field athletes as subjects performed vertical jumps with no arm swing in six different levels of effort: 100% (maximum effort), 90, 80, 60, 45, and 30%. Eleven subjects landed from the five different heights of 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0m so as to minimize the landing impact force as much as possible. Five reflective landmarkers on the lower extremity were automatically detected at 60Hz with Quick-Mag System I, and interpolated using cubic spline function to convert data equivalent to sampling rate of 100Hz. Ground reaction force data were sampled at 1000Hz with a Kistler force platform. Two-dimensional inverse dynamics were performed on a four-link segment model to obtain the moments and powers of the hip, knee, and ankle. Mechanical works and contributions of the lower limb joints were calculated from these data. The results were summarized as follows. 1. With changes in relative jumping height the maximum joint moment and power on the hip increased remarkably, while those of the knee and ankle did not show such a sharp increase. Relative contributions of the ankle, knee, and hip to the total positive mechanical work changed from 37.6, 40.4, and 22.0% for 40% jumping height to 29.4, 29.0, and 41.6% for maximum jump, respectively. 2. With increases in heights of fall, the maximum joint moments and negative powers increased in all three joints. The hip showed the maximum muscle moments, followed by the knee and ankle. The knee joint exerted the greatest negative power at every height to dissipate the energy of the fall. Relative contributions of the ankle, knee, and hip were 19.6, 51.8, and 28.6% for height of 0.25m and 14.8, 48.8, and 36.4% for height of 1.0m. Considering these results together with the inertia properties and mechanical work capacities of the lower limb muscles, it would be speculated that the smaller segments must first be recruited so that energy and load on the body can be minimized, but in the case of the maximum power output, the greater segments with large inertia and mechanical work capacities may join the preceding segments, where achieving the objectives of the skills may take priority over the principles of minimizing energy and muscle stress.
バイオメカニズム学会の論文
1994-08-10

垂直跳および着地動作におけるパワー発揮の大きさと下肢関節の貢献度(1部生体の力学的特性)

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垂直跳および着地動作におけるパワー発揮の大きさと下肢関節の貢献度(1部 生体の力学的特性)

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垂直跳および着地動作におけるパワー発揮の大きさと下肢関節の貢献度(1部生体の力学的特性)