予測動作および反応動作特性とその神経機序(1部 神経・筋・制御)
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概要
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An anticipative movement makes it possible to produce a rapid and precise correspondence with the successive event. The feed-forward nature of this kind of movement may be involved in the regulation of locomotion, in which stereotyped movements are repeated at almost the same intervals. The present study aims at elucidating the following two questions. First, what factors do influence the accuracy of the anticipative movement? Second, does the excitability of the spinal alpha-motoneurons vary prior to the onset of the anticipative movement? If the answer is "yes", does such an excitability change contribute to improvement in the accuracy of the movement? Subjects were asked to time their rapid voluntary movement with the last sound of regular intervals or with that of random intervals. The time between the onset of the last sound and that of the movement is denned as a delay time (Td), equivalent to the reaction time when the performed movement is reactive. The tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa was electrically stimulated to evoke an H-reflex. The results obtained in this study are summarized below. (1) The delay time of the anticipative movement decreased as the interval of the regular sound decreased. When the sound interval was more than 7s, the delay time became almost equal to the reaction time. (2) The delay time of the anticipative movement decreased as the number of sounds prior to the movement increased. (3) In 4 out of the 5 subjects tested, the amplitude of the H-reflex increased after the perception of the sound just before the last sound. Since the amplitude of the H-reflex is considered to reflect the excitability of the motoneuron pool, this result suggests that the subjects produce a preparatory condition by elevating the motoneuronal excitability prior to the voluntary movement. The delay time, however, was independent of the amplitude of the H-reflex. (4) The time between the onset of the activity of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscles and that of the foot switch (Td2) tended to decrease as the amplitude of the H-reflex just before the movement increased. These results suggest that the delay time of the anticipative movement is virtually determined by the timing of the centrally generated motor command concomitant with the voluntary movement, although the motoneuronal excitability increase prior to the movement decreases the Td2.
- バイオメカニズム学会の論文
- 1988-06-15
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関連論文
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