人工知能時代のソクラテス
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概要
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Two years ago, in Samos, a native land of Ionian philosophy I read a paper entitled Heraclitus and Chuang-tzi (荘子), a dialogue on the unity of the opposites between East and West". In the paper I attempted to elucidate the fundamental thoughts of both philosophers focusing mainly their sayings on the unity of the opposites. My interest in them was not a mere philologically oriented comparative study. It goes without saying that any philological studies are very important and should not be neglected, and the studies of the history of philosophy per se are also very valuable businesses. However, if these studies end in the mere restoration of the past achievements and aim at the exhibition of those thinkers figures in a showcase of some museums or wax doll houses, they are rather fruitless. For my part, at least, I am eager to listen to the important sayings of ancient philosophers only when they suggest some significant points for our reflections on the modern problems. Only one who dead however makes challenge us to discuss on the fundamental conditions of human being is the true thinker who let us alive in the future. In Heraclitus' and Chuang-tzi's figure I found such powerful thinkers. Thus, I have discovered in Heraclitus' and Chuang-tzi's figures two powerful comrades in the investigation of liberty and the real self, so that regarding Chuang-tzi and Heraclitus, I intended to reconstruct these philosophers who investigated the way of liberty and the searchers of their own real self. In the case of Heraclitus, my paper focused on the very important fragment 101 "εδιζησαμην 'εμεωυτον" explicating the dynamical and dialectical relations between the private world ('ιδιο〓 κοσμο〓) and the common world (κοινο〓 κοσμο〓). In my opinion, on the one hand, the Ephesian philosopher was a powerful and very penetrating investigator of the fundamental conditions of human life. Well on the other hand, Socrates was the only one thinker ranking with Heraclitus who carried out his philosophical investigation on the fundamental conditions of citizens who lived in the city-state (Polis). Socrates' what is question in the ethical field based firmly in his question how we live well, and so it was no other than the deep investigation into the fundamental qualifications of the citizenship in the city-state Athens. So, in the first, in order to delineate Socrates' figure more vividly, I would like to describe my general views on Heraclitean self-search in contrast to the Socratic one. In the second however, I will discuss about the significances of Socrates' self-search focusing his "daimonion" mainly in Apology. And then I will proceed to delineate some important aspects of Socratic investigation into the real self in sharp contrast to the mechanized thinking in our modern time: my point in the context will be put on the topics of the Socrates in the age of Artificial Intelligence. Then, in the fourth, I would like to glance at some transcendental aspects of Socratic daimonion which lies deeply in his philosophical personality and to give some interpretation-hints on the relation between Socratic and Plato's philosophical activities. Thus, in the conclusion I would have to say something about the significance of Socratic philosophy in the modern world as follows: "Socrates' self-search, his life-long concern ≪how to live well≫ (Crito 48b) was always guided by something external, something transcendental, something divine, and something negative. But, today, -- it seems -- for our planetary existence on the earth, there is no relevant with such a mystical warning-sign or an irrational checking principle from somewhere the transcendental & external world. Oh, Delphi, solemn shrine of Apollo, you were destroyed. Thus, the oracle of Loxos Apollo also ceased to ring for ever; so, it appears that Apollo's call ≪Гνωθι σαυτον≫ (Know thyself) also lost its authority for ever, and Socratic search for the real self too has missed its significant appeal for ever. Socratic philosophy passed away. No! even in the age of Heraclitus and Socrates, many people could not listen to the real meaning of the oracle, since every important thing, the real constitution of the things is apt to hide themselves (Heraclitus Fr.123), and remaining hidden from our ordinary understanding, only sends us a sign of its being. Only the most attentive men like Heraclitus and Socrates may listen to some hidden but very important meanings for us. It may be that in our modern life as ever, something like the oracle at Delphi, something like a warning from the real world continues to ring all the time. Thus, we must be attentive to our own real selves, and be persevering investigators as was Socrates."
- 桃山学院大学の論文
- 1990-12-30