The Role of Positive and Negative Evidence in the Classroom : Does the Subset Principle Operate in L2 Learning?

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• If the Subset Principle operates in L2 learning as it does in L1 acquisition, then L2 learners generate a subset grammar with positive evidence alone. In contrast to this view is a position which assumes that L2 learners no longer apply the Subset Principle, instead they will be influenced by their L1. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether positive evidence alone can trigger parameter resetting, or negative evidence is indispensable to reset parameter value once set in L1 acquisition and to seek what kind of teaching can help Japanese learners parameterreset effectively. Japanese and English are in a superset/subset relation in the case of adverb placement, since Japanese adverbs can intervene between a verb and its direct object, while English counterpart cannot, which is referred to as Adjacency Condition on Case assignment. Adapting parametric variation, English is [+strict adjacency] and Japanese is [-strict adjacency]. The study involved the two kinds of treatment as the experimental conditions. Information gap activities were given to a group, which intensively provided positive evidence as input. Another class included rule-finding and error correction activities, which provided negative evidence as input. Teaching focused on the positions of the two kinds of English adverb: adverbs of manner and adverbs of frequency. Grammaticality judgement test, comparison test, and manipulation test were administered to measure both direct and indirect effect of learning. The results show that not only the negative evidence group but also positive evidence group performed better in the post-test than in the pre-test, although the learning effect declined at the final stage. A learning transfer was observed. The negative evidence group distinguished SVPPO error sentences from grammatical sentences better than the positive evidence group.

• 桃山学院大学の論文
• 1995-12-20

著者

• 島田 勝正

  桃山学院大学国際教養学部

• 島田 勝正

  文学部 英語教育学

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