欧州統合への理論的アプローチ

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There have been a lot of discussions to describe the process of the European Integration. Among them, the following three theories are to be noted. The first is federalism. Federalists have insisted that, in order to alleviate international conflicts, or even to avoid wars, each nation state should be integrated into a federal state, as traditional nation states have a tendency to preserve their sovereignty and national interests. The second thesis is called neofunctionalism, proposed by E. Haas and his followers. According to their theory, the nations concerned, first of all, have to cooperate in the areas of "low politics" with less sovereignty, such as coal and steel industries. Integration in one sector, they insisted, creates pressures for integration in related sectors, and so on. They call this process the "spillover effect". As a result of the spillover effect, in the long run nations will create cooperative relations even in the "high politics" areas, such as defense or diplomacy. The third is intergovernmentalism. This approach treats states and national governments as primary actors in the process of integration. They insist that integration is possible only for the purpose of mutual benefits. Various intergovernmentalistic theories have been developed, including "liberal intergovernmentalism", by A. Moravcsik. According to the theory, demands for integration arise within processes of domestic politics, while integration outcomes are supplied as a result of intergovernmental bargaining. The problem is that the above-mentioned theories have, more or less, limited explanatory powers regarding the reality. Therefore, in order to propose a general theory of regional integration, we might have to examine other regional integration, such as NAFTA or APEC.
神戸大学の論文
2002-02-28

著者

久保広正
神戸大学大学院経済学研究科

欧州統合への理論的アプローチ

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