金沢の旧廓 : 西新地・主計町

概要

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The present research and investgation were done conserning Nomachi 2-chome called "Issaka'shinchi" or west gay quarters one of the prostitute quarters licensed by the Kaga clan in 1820 (the third year and Owaricho-2-chome Called "Kazoe-machi") where was a geisha quarter but had never been licensed. Item 1: The reasons why the prostitute quarters or amusement places were located the above districts. Item 2: The reasons why above districts are remain in almost the same form as in old times. Although such prostitute quarters were made in many place all over the country, the quarters which still remain in former form are very at present. Item 3: What is the society in gay quarters? How has the quality of such gay quarters which were only public amusement places in old times been changed? Item 4: How will such amusement spaces in the cities proceed in future? As a result of clarifying the above questions, following facts wese found. The only place for plain people in old times was "Keseimachi" or harlot town which was called "Okabasho" and "Akusho". This type of town had already existed before the Edo period at the oldest. But according to the written documents, "Yanagi cho" (Nanboku-Sanmachi, 2-jyo Oshikoji, Madenokoji-dori) licensed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi was the first officially licensed "Keisei-machi" or the harlot town. "Keisei-machi" was used extremely for the political purpose by the statemen. That is, such gay quarters were made in order to gather the people in the undeveloped area, develop the area, and solve the problems of public people who had political complains. The gay quarter which remained in Kanazawa city was licensed about 200 years later than those in Kyoto and Edo (Tokyo). This difference seems to come from the Kaga clan's original politics (agricultural and political policy with "Kaisaku-law" which is a kind of agronomical revolution as the central figure). The prostitute quarters were the politically enclosed zone of amusement place which naturally came out as other amusement places in the country. At the beginning, such amusement places came out always at the important points of the trafic network of the cities (places near ports, markets, shrines and temples and so on). In case of Kaga clan, amusement spaces which naturally come out as above were newly rearranged to meet the object as a military city (a castle town). This report also contains the investigation of the construction of gay quarters and the status classification of geisha-girls and prostitute. These geisha-girls and prostitutes gathered did not only played the important role in the amusement space but also the only means to support the living of the weak (for example, farmers who could not pay land tax). As above mentconed, this report refers to the fact of discrimination in social rank. In the last, this report touches upon the reason why these houses of more than 200 years old have been maintained up to now. First, there were fewer cases of conflagration in the gay quarter area than in other places (Although West gay quarter was burned down in 1880 (the thirteeth year of Meiji), East gay quarter has been kept away from a fire over 200 years). In the gay quarter area, Care for fire preveation was taken much more seriously than in public cities. Second, the gay quarters are fully maintained through the management of comsumption process and production process in space (i. e. space for business as well as that for living of the residents). Third, the gay quarter society consisted of mostly women, and employees had duty of cleaning and sweeping the houses, the mean that manegement and maintainance were complete. From the above point of view, this report concludes that space planning with the consideration for the agreement of occupations and residences must be reconsidered for new city planning. For the purpose of keeping such old trademen's houses, not only the house itself but also the "living" of the residents must be taken in to concideration. It is not too much to say that one of the causes of confusion in the cities is the lack of plan for amusement space. The main object of this investigation research is making the necessary material for creation of new "Community". The detailed reports of each item are ready be presented later on.

著者

中村幸安
明治大学

金沢の旧廓 : 西新地・主計町

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