女性労働と子どもの人権の視点からみた家族の変容と福祉国家 : フィンランドの事例研究
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概要
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This article aims to enhance the understanding on the transformation of family in contemporary Finland by discussing the recent development of the family policy targeting families with small children and by exploring the social significance of women's work and the location of children's human rights issues in Finland. Since the 1960s the Finnish family life has profoundly changed in terms of family types and structure, social norms on sexuality and couple relationship, and gender divisions of labour. Commitment to working life as well as to family life is today a dominant social norm for men and women regardless of which type their family may belong to. This norm can be regarded as an essence of citizenship, too. In this sense, the Finnish welfare society shares the main characteristics of dual breadwinner type with other Nordic societies. In addition, the distinction of marital status of couples makes very little differences in social life and social security in Finland. Unmarried or lone parenthood is no longer any fatal catastrophe for individuals nor causes so strong stigma as earlier. The family policy provides basic social services for child care and elderly care in Finland. The social services are universal as the care provision targets ordinary citizens. Since the mid 1980s the public measure for supporting child care has been diversified and today the three alternatives are available: subsidy for child care at home, municipal child care services, and subsidy for private child care services. This can be understood as the increase of freedom of choice. However, it is also pointed out that these alternatives only respond to the difference between social strata as those women in regular full-time employment tend to use municipal or private child care services, whereas those without such employment tend to end up with the choice of staying home with her child(ren). Moreover, the high divorce rate that is one of the distinctive features with Finnish family life in the last decade is a serious problem especially for the life and development of children. In emergency cases the welfare state comes to intervene the family life through social welfare services. In this sense, the social protection for family and children as social welfare services maintains its significance in contemporay Finland.
- 島根県立大学の論文
- 2001-12-25
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