Antigenicity and irritancy tests of leukocyte-reduction filters using animal models

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We experienced a patient who showed severe allergic symptoms immediately afterblood transfusion using a filter for removal of leukocytes. To investigate the cause ofthis incident, we conducted a maximization test on the antigenicity of substancesextracted from filters used for leukocyte removal. The tests were performed in guineapigs. Acetone extracts were obtained from filters made by three manufacturers (A, Band C) and sensitization and evocation were tested at 10% concentration. It wasconfirmed that extracts from one filter (B) induced sensitization in guinea pigs.Sensitization of the extracts was also tested at 1%, 0.1% and 0.01%, and was inducedat 1% but not at 0.1% and 0.01%. Next, skin irritation and sensitization of thesubstances were tested using mice. 5%-ethanol extracts were prepared from filtersmade by 2 manufacturers (A and B) and the extracts (5% or 0.5% concentrations) wereinjected intradermally into the auricle and the ear swelling was observed 1, 24 and 48hours and 7 days after injection. Significant ear swelling was induced by the extractsfrom B-filters. In the skin sensitization test, 5% extracts were injected subcutaneouslyinto the back of mice for 3 continuous days for sensitization, and 0.5% extracts wereinjected intradermally into the auricle of mice to evoke a response, after which changesin ear swelling were observed. Biphasic ear swelling observed 1 hour (immediateresponse) and 24 hours (delayed response) after challenge was induced by the extractsfrom B-filters. In conclusion, our study showed that filters used for leukocyte removalmay contain substances that cause skin irritation and sensitization and that antigenicityand irritancy tests of the filters might prevent the adverse reactions after bloodtransfusion.
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Antigenicity and irritancy tests of leukocyte-reduction filters using animal models

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