バングラデシュの同郷会 : 分布についての検討から

概要

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Generally speaking, both local people and foreigners in Bangladesh see the word "samiti" as somewhat similar to "cooperatives", because there are a lot of development projects in Bangladesh and, historically, such projects adopt cooperative groups as the means of development tools for those programs. But "samiti" can connote much more broad range of meaning in local usage in Bangladesh. Roughly speaking, "samiti" means "voluntary association", and another one of such an important category is "jela samiti" or the similar types of it. "Jela samiti" is a kind of voluntary association and the members of the samiti consist of the people from the same locality, such as bibhag (division) , jela (province) , upajela (county) , union (local administrative village) , etc. This study mainly analyses notices or public announcements at the advertisement pages in local newspapers and magazines written and published in Bengali. To see the list of those notices, one can easily find the following points as the main characteristics. That is, some samitis have relatively long history. The number of the samitis is growing. Concerning the locality or area ofsamitis, there is some difference of the sizes of those localities, i.e. some samitis only orient very small area such as union, other samitis direct very large area such as division. If we see from the bottom, i.e. from the small geographical (and, in some cases, administrative) area to the broader one, we can find the existence of the plural samitis in the same area, etc. Taking these characteristics into account, the author depicts the following points as main findings. If we think about the vague characteristics of the samitis, it is rather surprising that the samitis have strong political character. They often function as a petitioner or a representative of a local area which is the base of those samitis, and exert some influence on the world of politics in the national level. Furthermore, such political character is not limited to the outer direction only. The same power also directs to the inward. Inside a samiti, we can observe strong factionalism and this will partly explain the growing number of samitis as a group division arising from the inner political struggle. Another hidden aspect the samitis have is the membership. Though, of course, there is no formal rule or literally expression, in reality the membership is limited to the Muslim only. Therefore, jela samitis are the group of Muslim people who come from the same locality. That is, the religion and locality are two important criteria of the membership. As the background of the activities of the jela samitis, we can find a "stereotyped image of a locality" in Bangladesh and this image seems to be reinforced by the very activities of the samitis to some degree. Moreover, if we delve into the people's consciousness of locality which forms the samitis, we can find the multiple strata of desk (one's own locality) there. Such multiplicity takes the shape of "concrete areas" to some degree; a very small area, the area almost same as the old jela, and the area almost similar to the divisions.
広島修道大学の論文
2003-09-30

バングラデシュの同郷会 : 分布についての検討から

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概要

広島修道大学 | 論文

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