ワイタンギ審判所に関する一考察 : マオリの歴史が再構成される場
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The Waitangi Tribunal is a unique judicial system in New Zealand, which was established under the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975 at time when protests about unresolved Treaty grievances were at boiling point. The main functions of the Waitangi Tribunal are quite different to those of the general courts, and are to inquire into, and make findings and recommendation to the Crown on, claims related to the Treaty of Waitangi by Maori. At the Tribunal hearings, both claimants and the Crown present the evidences and submissions, and afterwards the Tribunal issues its report on the claims. From reading some outstanding tribunal reports like those on the Ngai Tahu land claims, the Taranaki claims, and the Muriwhenua fishing claims, it can be said that the reconstructed Maori histories are varied. However on the other hand it is also true that all these reports are about the expropriations from the traditional tribal groups by the Crown's colonialism mainly in the 19^<th> century. Recently the controversial reports on Rekohu claims and Waipareira claims were issued. The Rekohu report declared that Moriori were part of Maori and qualified to claim to the Treaty of Waitangi, but also had been first inhabitants with the unique culture on the islands before the intrusion of Ngati Mutunga. The Waipareira report declared that the urban Maori community of Waipareira was also qualified to claim to the Treaty, and should be treated as legitimately as the traditional tribal groups under some administrative services even though it had no tribal origin. They raise important issues about the meanings of Maori and indigenous-ness of Maori, which had been the self-evident premises for reconstructing the history at Waitangi Tribunal. And another type of history is reconstructed in these 2 reports, which had been placed on the periphery not only in the New Zealand national history but also in the traditional Maori history based on the tribal society. Today the Waitangi Tribunal is becoming to be the place where the Maori plural histories are reconstructed.
- 日本ニュージーランド学会の論文
- 2003-06-21