軟体動物の殻体形成に関与するタンパク質成分の構造と機能の解析(平成14年度麻布大学公的研究助成金事業研究成果報告)

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Diverse hard tissue formation occurs commonly in mollusks in locations such as the shell, periostracum, ligament, radula, teeth, operculum, and therefore, they have been studied to a considerable extent to elucidate the mechanism of biominaralization. The Organic matrix (OM) of molluscan shell is one of the best studied of all CaCOs biomineral structures, and considerable information has been accumulated regarding the morphology, structure and histochemical property of it. Recently, several genes encoding the matrix components have been isolated and their deduced amino acid sequences have been clarified. Other data was obtained via in vitro studies of crystallization in which matrix activities related to crystal formation were measured. However, results of various experiments were remarkably different among the methods used;therefore, the precise function of OM remains unclear even in vitro. Crystal formation in a biological system is considered to occur by the activity of the OM components but the precise process remains still unclear. A hypothesis that was proposed by Addadi & Weiner (1989) took into account the possible effect of the two cooperating factors, /3-sheet carboxylate-rich protein and sulfated polysaccharide. According to them, the sulfate create a flux of Ca ions towards the nucleation site and carboxylates, regularly arranged in a protein /3-sheet domain, provide the structural organization necessary for nucleation. Until now, all the information about the hypothesis was indirect, being inferred from in vitro experiments, while more direct information about initial mineralization of Pinctada. Fucata came from the gene analysis encoding the OM components and in vitro experiments. The results of these analyses will be descrived in this paper.
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軟体動物の殻体形成に関与するタンパク質成分の構造と機能の解析(平成14年度麻布大学公的研究助成金事業研究成果報告)

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