Comparison on Morphology and Genes of Oriental Great Reed Warblers in Thailand and Japan

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概要

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• Oriental great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis) is one of the typical summer visitor passerine birds in Japan which breed in East Asian region and winter in South-east Asia. The relationship between breeding populations and wintering populations in the warbler is no more clarified in most other migrant birds of Asia. As to morphology of oriental great reed warblers Nishiumi suggested in 1998 that Japanese populations have longer wings than the breeding populations in Asian continent. We investigated the morphological and genetical characteristics of the warblers in Japan and in Thailand. Five characters of 77 individuals from Japan and 80 from Thailand were measured and compared. The sex of each birds was identified genetically and the morphology of males and females was analyzed separately. For both sexes wing lengths were conspicuously different between both populations. The Japanese population has longer wings. The difference is almost responsible for lengths of the primaries. Degrees of overlap in wing lengths between both populations are only 9% and 8% of the individuals for males and females, respectively. A portion of the mitochondrial control region (683 bp) was sequenced in 24 individuals from Japan and 20 from Thailand. Fifteen and 18 different haplotypes were found in Japan and Thailand, respectively, and both populations do not share the same haplotype. The Japanese population showed lower haplotypic diversities than the Thai population. This difference might be explained by the difference in breeding and wintering populations. A neighbor-joining analysis of the different haplotypes placed the haplotypes into two clades, A and B. The average sequence divergence of two clades at 1.23% may estimate the separation of the clades for 80,000 years. Clade A has much lower diversity than clade B, and clade A exists only in Japan. Clade B can be divided into 4 sub-clades which diverged about 50,000 years ago. One of them is specified in Japan and the other 3 sub-clades are only in Thailand except for one individual in Japan. These results suggest few gene flow between Japanese and Thai populations for 50,000 years and suggest experiences of bottle necks in Japanese population about 50,000 to 80,000 years ago.

著者

• Nishiumi Isao

  Department Of Zoology National Science Museum

• Chimchome Vijak

  Department Of Forest Biology Faculty Of Forestry Kasetsart University

• Pothieng Duangrat

  Wildlife Research Division, Royal Forest Department

• Amget Bubphar

  Wildlife Research Division, Royal Forest Department

• Amget Bubphar

  Wildlife Research Division Royal Forest Department

• Pothieng Duangrat

  Wildlife Research Division Royal Forest Department

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