Damping capacity of orthodontic wires decreases the transmission of undesirable force : an experimental study in rats

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During orthodontic treatment with multi-bracket appliances, especially when correcting crossbite or when strong orthodontic forces are applied to one or more teeth, unstable occlusal conditions are commonly induced. The purpose of this study has been to clarify the influence of occlusal impact and the vibrating stimuli that are subsequently transmitted through orthodontic wires upon adjacent teeth and the periodontal ligament (PDL). We attached titaniumnickel (Ti-Ni) alloy wire or stainless steel wire to the lower incisor and to several molars of experimental rats. Once a day we applied a vibrating stimulus to the wire on the lower incisor. After 7 days we examined histological sections of the periodontal ligament of the first molar. We observed degeneration, inflammation, and extravasations of red blood corpuscles from the blood vessels in the apical dental pulp, and other signs of damage in specimens from teeth to which stainless steel wire had been attached. In sharp contrast, we observed far less damage to the PDL of teeth to which Ti-Ni alloy wire had been attached, and we hypothesize that its damping capacity is responsible for the reduced damage.
日本矯正歯科学会の論文