学童期前歯部反対咬合者の矯正治療前後における構音に関する研究

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Articulation of children at elementary school age with anterior crossbite was compared with that of children with normal bite. Also the changes in articulation of the children with anterior crossbite was examined before and after orthodontic treatment. All articulation tests were conducted with Japanese vowels and consonants. The phonetic symbols of the vowel and consonants were based on the International Phonetic Alphabet of the International Phonetic Association. The consonant was sandwiched between each of the five vowels such as, a, i, 〓, e and o, for instance, aka, iki, 〓k〓, eke and oko. There are a total of 118 sets of these nonsense phrases including the five vowels each uttered with no consonants included. The phonetic analyses were conducted by a Sound Spectrograph (SG-09), a microcomputer (Macintosh II-cx) and a sound analysis system (Speech Lab II). The results of the vowels, plosives and fricatives were as follows : 1. Vowels A comparison was made between normal bite and crossbite in their first formant frequencies, second formant frequencies, and the differences between the first and second formant frequencies. 1) The first formant frequency of /a/ immediately after correction of crossbite was considerably lower than that for normal bite. 2) The difference between the first and second formant frequencies immediately after correction of crossbite was considerably smaller than that before correction. 3) The difference between the first and second formant frequencies, 5〜12 months after correction of crossbite was similar to that for normal bites. 2. Consonants 1) Plosives A comparison was made of the strength of plosion by observing the spike files in the plosives of normal bite and crossbite. (1) Plosion was weaker in crossbite. (2) Before correction of crossbite, plosion was weak in positions immediately followed by /i/ or /〓/, and especially weak in /gi/ and /b〓/. Plosion was strong in positions immediately followed by /a/, /e/ or /o/. (3) At immediatly after correction of crossbite, plosion was stronger than that before correction of crossbite in positions immediately followed by /i/ or /〓/, but weaker in positions immediately followed by /a/, /e/ or /o/. (4) At 5〜12 months after correction of crossbite, plosion was stronger than that before or immediately after correction of crossbite in all positions. 2) Fricatives A comparison was made of the intensity of /s/ between normal bite and crossbite. (1) The spectrograms of the crossbite /s/ showed different patterns from the normal bite /s/. The former was classified into two types : Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1,Type 2 and the Normal Type, consideable differences. (2) Type 1 and Type 2 which existed in crossbite were improved and became the Normal Type at 5〜12 months after correction of crossbite. These findings showed that speech errors in anterior crossbite of elementary school age can be determined and that by correcting the crossbite, pronunciation can be improved to approximate that made with a normal bites.
福岡歯科大学学会の論文
1993-09-30

学童期前歯部反対咬合者の矯正治療前後における構音に関する研究

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