緩和現象の物理

概要

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The aim of this review paper is to give an overview of the theory of relaxation phenomena in physical systems. Self-organization of structure is the central theme of the recent development. Invoking fluid mechanical models, many authors have discussed various relaxed states that make up a special class of macroscopic equilibria (force-balance states). The pioneering work in this context was J.B. Taylor's model of the RFP (reversed-field pinch) plasma. However, this review starts from the kinetic theory of self-consistent equilibria that are maximum entropy states under certain rugged constraints. Both electrostatic and magnetic confinements are discussed on a unified basis. Fluid mechanical theory is also discussed within the same framework of statistical theory. The common determining characteristics of macroscopic (fluid mechanical) as well as kinetic relaxed states can be cast in the Beltrami and associated (generalized) Bernoulli conditions. We discuss the possibility of generating a novel relaxed state by applying the effect of plasma flow.
社団法人プラズマ・核融合学会の論文
2000-08-25