Flower-Inducing Activity of Water Extracts of Various Plant Species, in Particular Pharbitis nil

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The crude water extracts of leaves of many plant species belonging to Spermatophyta and some belonging to Bryophyta induced flowering of Lemna paucicostata 151 (P151) under continuous light, at the concentrations equivalent to 0.1 to 10 mg fr wt leaf per 10 ml culture medium (mg fr wt/10 ml). The extract of Salvinia (Pterydophyta) added together with the extract of Lemna at a concentration lower than that necessary to cause flowering also induced flowering. The activity of the water extracts of some plants varied considerably from experiment to experiment due to unknown factors, but the extracts of Pharbitis nil strain Violet, a sensitive short-day plant, always showed a high activity, as did the extracts of Lemna paucicostata reported previously. The extract of Pharbitis cotyledons induced flowering of P151 even at 0.3 mg fr wt/10 ml, and significantly promoted flowering of L. paucicostata 441 and 6746 at 1-3 mg fr wt/10 ml. Exudate from the cuttings of the seedlings was also active. However, neither the activity of the water extract nor that of the exudate could be correlated with photoperiodic floral induction. On the other hand, the extract of leaves or cotyledons had higher activity (on a fr wt basis) than that of other organs, and the activity of the extract of cotyledons changed with their age roughly in parallel with their photoperiodic sensitivity.
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