血液伝播ウイルスとその感染予防対策

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Viral infection due to transfusion has been the root of various diseases, primarily hepatitis. The discovery and prompt removal of the causative virus have been very effective in the eradication of such disease. After the isolation of the HBV and the establishment of methods for testing it, screening of donated blood was enforced, and then the incidence of hepatitis B decreased dramatically. Before 1963,post transfusion hepatitis (PTH) incidence in Japan was approximately 50%. Prior to HBs Antigen screening by the Japan Red Cross Blood Center the incidence of PTH accounted for about 16%. At present, it accounts for only 0.5%. HBIG (hepatitis B immunoglobulin) and HB vaccine have been efficacious in the prophylaxis of infection after incidental exposure to infectious blood and in infants born from HBV carrier mathers. From 1980s, ATL (adult T cell leukemia) and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) have also become problematic diseases. In November of 1986,screening with anti-HTLV-I (human T cell Leukemia virus) antibody and anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) antibody started at blood centers. However, as we did not know the existence of AIDS until 1981,we can not rule out the possibility that an unknown virus is yet present in the blood. Therefore, all blood and serum must be handled as if they are capable of transmitting infectious agents.
社団法人日本薬学会の論文
1990-10-31