PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF GINSENG SAPONIN IN STRESS MICE

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Attention was paid to Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER which plays an important role in Oriental medicine. Some pharmacological experiments were carried out with pure saponins [ginsenoside (GS)-Rb_1,Rb_2,Rc, Re and Rg_1] isolated from the Panax ginseng root, a mixture of ginseng saponins [ginsenoside mixture B (GMB) obtained from the lateral root (Hakumo) and crude ginsenoside K (GSK) obtained from the main root (Hakusan)], and prosapogenins (PSG), partial hydrolyzates of Rb_1,Rb_2,Rc and Rd [20R-PSG, 20S-PSG and Δ^<20>-PSG], by using specific repeatedly cold stressed (SART stressed) mice and in restraint and water immersion-stressed (RWIS) mice. A single i.p. administration of 10 mg/kg of GS or PSG gave no influence on pentobarbital-induced sleeping in non-stressed mice. The inhibition of a natural increase in body weight in SART stressed mice was markedly counteracted by administration with a daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg of Rb_1,Rc, Re, 20S-PSG or GSK for 5 consecutive days during SART stressing. A single i.p. administration of 10 mg/kg of Rb_2,Rc, Re, 20R-PSG or 20S-PSG increased the analgesic index by the modified Randall-Selitto method, and that of 20R-PSG or 20S-PSG decreased the writhing syndrome by the method of acetic acid in non-stressed mice. When SART stressed mice were used as test animals in place of non-stressed mice, the analgesic effect was further augmented. Prolonged actions were observed in SART stressed mice administered daily with 5-10 mg/kg of Rb_2,Rc, Re, 20R-PSG or 20S-PSG. When analgesic effect was tested 60 min after the last administration by the modified method of Randall-Selitto, almost the same effect as the single administration was obtained. The inhibitory effect on acetic acid writhing of Rb_1,Rb_2,Re, Δ^<20>-PSG, and GMB, which was ineffective by a single administration, in addition to Rg_1,20R-PSG and 20S-PSG, was observed. The decrease in ACh response of the isolated SART stressed mouse duodenum was inhibited by daily administration of Rb_1,Rb_2,Rc, Re, 20S-PSG, GMB, and GSK. The increase in ACh response of the isolated RWIS mouse duodenum was inhibited by three pretreatments with Rb_1,Re, Rg_1,20S-PSG and GMB, but not with Rb_2,Rc, or GSK. These findings suggest that the effects of ginseng saponins may be different from those of Saikosaponins reported previously. The former compounds have a weak analgesic action, and may improve some symptoms of vegetative stigmatism caused by SART stress and RWIS. The classification of GS and PSG based on their actions was attempted.
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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF GINSENG SAPONIN IN STRESS MICE

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