本州南岸線に關する一考察
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
According to KincsLita and Yagi (1930), the Paddy Borer, Schoenobius incertellus Walker, is confined to areas where the winter temperature is always above -3.5°, and the northern limit of distribution coincides with the minimum isotherm of -3.5° running along the Pacific coast of Central and West Honshu, the principal island of Japan. The present author, however, does not agree with Kinoshita and Yagi, so far as the distribution of this species in Japan and China is concerned, but he is much inclined to the opinion that the mean temperature of the summer months from May to October of about 20.3° is more available as an index of the northern limit than the minimum temperature of -3.5°. Because an observation of the temperature conditions of areas where the Paddy Borer always occurs shows that their mean temperature of the summer months is above about 20.3° without exception, while among them there are some ones of which the minimum temperature is below -3.5°, e. g. Kagoshima (-3.9°), Miyazaki (-5.0°), Kumamoto (-7.0°), Oita (-4.8°), Saga (-4.5°) and Fukuoka (-4.0°) in Kyusyu, Kochi (-5.1°), Uwajima (-4.1°) and Matsuyama (-4.6°) in Shikoku, and Shanghai (-6.8°) in China. Besides, the author has the fact on good authority that Tsintao (-12.5°) and Tien-tsin (-15.9°) of North China are habitats of this species, though the formal records have not yet been published. Thus, it seems quite possible that the summer isotherm of about 20.3° determines the possible northern limit of the existence of this species. It appears that the temperature of the summer months, i. e. those of active life and development, is the important limiting factor in this case. The northward distribution of this species having two or more broods per year may be definitely limited by insufficiency of the total of effective temperature in the growing season. Thus, it is probable that owing to this the insect will never reach the northernmost point at which winter temperatures are favourable to make possible its hibernation. It is well known that there is a distinct line of demarcation of the distribution of insects running along the Pacific coast of Central and West Honshu. This has been shown by many authors, e. g. by Kinoshita and Yagi (1930) in the Paddy Borer ; by Takahashi (1932) in Epilachna sparsa (Herbst). by Takahashi (1932) and Watanabe (1950) in Epilachna vigintioctomaculata Motschulsky ; by Abe (1937) in Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki ; by Yuasa (1940) in Cicindella nivicincta Chevrolat ; and by Morishita (1945) in some ants. The author is, however, not of the same opinion as Kinoshita and Kawada (1933) who have stated that the minimun isotherm of -3.5° presents this line of demarcation. Because those insects of which the northern or southern limit of distribution lies on this line are not always limited by the winter temperature alone as pointed out in the preceding paragraphs. In conclusion, it seems probable that the annual isotherm of about 14° or the summer isotherm of about 21° is preferable to present this line to the minimum isotherm of -3.5°. This conclusion is supported by the fact that this line agrees closely with one of the most important climatic boundaries in Japan, on which isotherms of the mean temperature of 14° annual), of 21° (summer), of 4° (January), etc. run almost together.
- 日本昆虫学会の論文
- 1952-03-30
著者
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