古代ギリシアのasylia (ασυλια)の実像と「聖域逃避」
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概要
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It was a rule in ancient Greek society that when a someone took refuge in a sacred space or on a sacred object, he could obtain safety there. This particular act is usually called "Asyl" in Japan, but the author prefers to call it "escape to sanctity". Many people today hold a preconception that the Greek word "asylia" has the same meaning as modern word "asylum", and some characteristics of "asylia" are understood as characteristics of "escape to sanctity" in ancient Greek society. However, this is a misunderstanding and have been corrected by the development of study about "asylia" itself. Originally, "asylia" meant freedom from a person's right of self-help by seizing another's goods. It was given as a kind of privilege to foreign people. Later, this privilege became to be an honorary title, and from the middle-Hellenistic period, "asylia" was given not only to persons, but also to cities and their territories in the context of diplomacy. In the late Hellenistic and early Imperial periods, it is true that people often took refuge in the space which was called "asylia", but altars or sanctuaries, which were places of refuge in common, were not usually called "asylia". Therefore, the word "asylia" did not mean holy places of refuge itself, and some characteristics of "asylia" cannot be seen as characteristics of "escape to sanctity" in ancient Greek society. One of the purposes of this article is to make clear the relation between "escape to sanctity" and "asylia". Another is to adopt a new attitude towards the research, documentation and terminology on the subjects.
- 2005-11-20
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