Photoperiodic Control of the Determination of Three Different Seasonal Phenomena of the Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio xuthus L.(Environmental Biology)

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In Papilio xuthus, there are three different seasonal phenomena, such as pupal diapause, seasonal morphs and adult sizes. The first two phenomena were studied and shown to be controlled by photoperiod and temperature with the actions of the neuroendocrine systems of the brain. When insects were raised from the egg stage under a short daylength (less than 12.75-hr) at 20℃, the majority or all of them entered into diapause and developed into small adults of the spring morph. On the other hand, under a long daylength (greater than 13.5-hr), they all averted diapause and developed into large summer morph adults. Furthermore, even if they were held in the near-critical photoperiod (13- or 13.25-hr), each insects revealed clear responses (e.g. diapause or non-diapause) to the photoperiod in diapause and seasonal morph determination. But, in the size, most of these adults were of medium. When rearing temperature was 30℃, they developed into small adults as the spring morph, but their wings revealed more eminent characteristics of the summer morph than those of the large summermorph adults which were reared in long-day conditions at 20℃. However, these morphological diversities occurred by the change of rearing temperature can be regarded as to be variations of each seasonal morph. The results indicated that the three seasonal phenomena of P. xuthus were determined simultaneously by photoperiod and temperature during the larval period. Furthermore, even if insects were held in the near-critical photoperiods, they revealed clear responses to the photoperiod in diapause and seasonal morph determination, but in the size, they were of medium.
社団法人日本動物学会の論文
1985-10-15

Photoperiodic Control of the Determination of Three Different Seasonal Phenomena of the Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio xuthus L.(Environmental Biology)

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