条虫相からみた日本産キクガシラコウモリ科コウモリの分布に関する2, 3の知見

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It is clear that there exist at least two fundamental types of tapeworm life cycles requiring one or two intermediate hosts, respectively. Intermediate and final host specificity of tapeworms necessarily implies that larval stages of tapeworms always occur in the definite intermediate host, usually invertebrates, and adults always in the definite final host, usually vertebrates. At the present time, unfortunately, bat tapeworm life cycles have never been studied, so that no intermediate host is known. But from the ecological standpoint of bats in caves, it is possible to assume that bat tapeworm life cycles require one intermediate host, which would be small arthropods, mainly insects, living on the batguano. When the intermediate host harboring cysticercoids of a certain tapeworm is eaten by a bat in a cave, the cysticercoid will certainly grow into the adult tapeworm in the small intestine of the bat. In order to examine the distribution of the Japanese cave bats Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and R.cornutus in relation to the host-parasite relationship, a number of bats were collected from various districts of Japan during 1965 to 1974, and their parasitic tapeworms have been identified. It was found that only three species belonging to two genera occurred in R.cornutus collected throughout Japan. Among them, the tapeworm Vampirolepis isensis was always encountered in R.cornutus in the Kinki districts and westward, and mixed infections with V.isensis and V.iwatensis were encountered in R.cornutus in the Tohoku districts. On the other hand, Rodentolepis taruiensis was found in R.cornutus in Gifu Prefecture. The wide distribution of the bats infected with V.isensis suggests that the bats infected in caves by V.isensis migrate to various districts in Japan and V.isensis infection to other bats has occurred for a very long time. But the most significant aspect of this study is the occurrence of R.taruiensis in Gifu Prefecture. Further investigation on the relationship between the bats distributed in western Japan and those in eastern Japan must take into account the host-parasite relationship. The tapeworm fauna of R.ferrumequinum amounted to as many as 19 species belonging to five genera. But, only the tapeworm Hymenolepis rashomonensis was a common species found in most parts of Japan, and the majority of the tapeworms were local species. The results obtained from these investigations reveal that the migration of R.ferrumequinum was not so wide as that of R.cornutus, but rather was mainly local.
社団法人日本動物学会の論文
1976-06-25

条虫相からみた日本産キクガシラコウモリ科コウモリの分布に関する2, 3の知見

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