Studies on Embryonic diapause in the pnd Mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori : Characterization of Protein Synthesis during Early Development : Biochemistry

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In the pnd mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, developmental changes in the rate of protein sysnthesis were analyzed in homozygous, non-diapause type embryos, and in heterozygous, diapause type embryos. Inthe homozygotes, two distinct peaks of incorporation of [^3H]amino acid mixture into protein were detected. These peaks corresponded to the stage of cellular blastoderm and the stage of organogenesis. The first peak protein sythesis around the celllular blastoderm stage appeared in the heterozygotes as well as in the homozygotes. However, a second slight rise in protein synthesis was detected at the middle stage of gastrulation in the heterozygotes. In the two types of embryos, the first peak in protein synthesis, at the cellular blastoderm stage, occurred without elevation of RNA synthesis. In contrast, the second peak in protein synthesis was accompanied by an increase in the rate of RNA synthesis. These results suggest that protein synthesis prior to gastrulation is to be ascribed to maternal RNAs (probably mRNAs), however, beginning with the early gastrula stage, embryonic development involves predominantly the expression of embryonic genes. This inference was also suported by an inhibitor experiment by using actinomycin D. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the possible role of the pnd^+ gene in the decrease in protein synthesis at the onset of embryonic diapause.
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