Photonic Crystals and Photonic Microstructures : Technologies and Device Potential
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概要
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My lecture will be concerned with various forms of photonic crystal, but mostly with photonic crystals created by microstructuring techniques and nanotechnology in thin, 'single-mode', optical waveguides. Because of their pre-eminent role in lasers and LEDs, the optical waveguides used for much of the work to be described are epitaxial III-V semiconductor heterostructures. Photonic crystals are interpreted as being regular structures exhibiting a large modulation of the refractive index and with periodicity in one-, two- or three-dimensions. The emphasis in the presentation will be on gaining a physical understanding of how photonic bandgap behaviour can appear in photonic crystals, leading on to various new device concepts. Leading-edge fabrication technology, in particular direct-write electron-beam lithography (EBL) and reactive ion etching (RIE), play an essential role in realising the photonic microstructures which become photonic crystals for light in the near infra-red and visible parts of the spectrum. I shall also discuss other technologies which are likely be useful in developing photonic crystals yet further - and some of the important technological challenges which remain as we head for the holy grails of 'threshold-less' lasers and much more efficient LEDs. Measurement techniques for the transmission, reflection and diffraction properties of waveguide photonic crystals and waveguide microcavities will be described, as well as techniques for observing the modified luminescence of photonic microstructure cavities. Measurement techniques have recently been developed for direct observation of much of the band structure of waveguide photonic crystals - and the new results that have emerged will be examined.
- 社団法人電子情報通信学会の論文
- 2000-01-18