KB-4-1 平和利用のための宇宙技術の研究・開発 : 神舟5号の成功(KB-4.特別講演会:有人・無人宇宙探査技術への挑戦)
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概要
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Based on the successful development experiments of satellites and launchers, China started manned space program in 1992. During the following 11 years, with the energetic assistance of all units related, Five Shenzhou spacecrafts mainly developed by Chinese Academy of Space Technology have been developed, launched and recovered. The first four flights, Shenzhou-1 to Shenzhou-4, are unmanned fight test. Shenzhou-5, the first manned flight, recovered safely after orbiting the Earth for one day, marks the successful completion of the first step taken by China to implement its plans for space exploration. This paper gives the system architecture of China manned spacecraft program, which includes spaceship, launcher, astronaut, space application, launching field, communication network and recovery field. The missions, functions, configuration and developing process of Shenzhou are described in detail. The basic function and configuration of Ground facilities are mentioned as well. Some science space experiments in capsule are also given. In the end, the subsequence tasks and prospect of Shenzhou are presented. The spaceship need to provide living and working environment for astronaut and to provide space science and technology experiment environment for payload during orbit flight, and to ensure safety recover of astronaut and payload after orbit flight or when some serious failures have occurred. After the return some space experiments can be carried out in the orbital module on orbit. And with some modifications, Shenzhou can perform rendezvous and docking missions, and provide EVA environment supporting space station program mission. The spaceship consists of orbital, returnable and propulsion modules as well as additional sector, can hold three astronauts and fly on about 200 km orbit. It is of 9 m in total length and 2.8m in maximum diameter, and with its orbital mass less than 7800Kg. The orbital module, including functional equipments and experiment equipments and solar array, provides astronaut working and living environment on orbit. The returnable module linked with orbital module is the command and control center. It is equipped with seats using at launching, rising and re-entry stage, with instruments before seats to support astronaut to monitor and operate the spaceship. The propulsion module, equipped with thrusters, propellant, solar array and other equipments, generates momentum for attitude and orbit control. The additional sector is for the installation of experiment instruments, such as docking framework. Since approval of the human space program in 1992, through the phases of feasibility study, definition study, engineering model and flight model, numerous difficulties have been surmounted and a large number of critical problems solved in system design, component manufacture and large-scale tests. Ground facilities, carrying out static test, landing shock test, vibration test, noise test, combined vacuum thermal test, electrical checkout test, electromagnetic compatibility test, integration and other tests, are a necessary part. It can also support failure diagnosis and flying control during flight period. From Shenzhou-2 to Shenzhou-5, each carried out a series of various science and technology experiments gained a lot of achievement with various instruments. In the subsequence mission, some modification will be adopted to perform rendezvous and docking task and EVA task, which will continue China's exploration of manned space technology and utilization of space resource.
- 社団法人電子情報通信学会の論文
- 2004-03-08