チェーホフにおける自我の拡大とウサージバの形象

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概要

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• The fantasies which the heroes of The Black Monk and The Sea Gull are obsessed with - the fantasy of a black monk who wanders all over the universe and that of the World Soul which contains all the souls in the universe - show the heroes' desire to assimilate infinite space and time, i.e. a desire for the maximal expansion of the ego. These megalomaniac dreams are accompanied by rapture of love. They are products of the heroes' wish to get out of loneliness and out of the consciousness of their own worthlessness. But their wish remains unsatisfied, and the tragic end awaits them. The same plot structure is also found in The House with the Mezzanine. It is the idyllic aspect of the life in country estates ("usad'by") that causes in the heroes dreams of the expanded ego and rapture of love. This close relation of the fantasies to the country estates finds an artistic expression in the following facts. In each of the three works what is used as a title (the black monk, the sea gull, and the house with the mezzanine) plays a role of "genius loci" of the country estate, and in the consciousness of each hero the image of the "genius loci" is combined with the image of the woman whom he loves. Thus in Chekhov's works we find a connection of images "Woman - Genius Loci - Country Estate", of which the central part is taken as a title. The same image connection is found in The Cherry Orchard. At the same time we must pay attention to the fact that the fantasies of the expanded ego are expressions of a philosophical demand that spirit should overcome matter. This one-sided approach to life is accompanied by another one-sidedness: fanatic materialism (e.g. Lida's view of life in The House with the Mezzanine). The conflict between spiritualism and materialism leads to the collapse of the idyllic life and the metaphisical dreams. Thus, concerning the relationship of the dreams of assimilating infinite space and time to the country estate in Chekhov's world, we observe the following situation. A man who feels himself lonely and worthless in the world finds in a country estate a basis for bringing the whole nature under control, but this dream causes life to split into spirit and matter and results in the destruction of the idyllic country estate and in the shipwreck of the heroes' romantic dream itself.

• 日本スラヴ・東欧学会の論文

著者

• 郡 伸哉

  中京大学

関連論文

• 井桁貞義著, 『ドストエフスキイ・言葉の生命』, 群像社, 2003年, 507頁
• 桑野隆著, 『バフチン新版-そして-』, 岩波書店, 2002年, x+284+5頁 / ミハイル・バフチン著, 『バフチン言語論入門』, 桑野隆・小林潔編訳, せりか書房, 2002年, 234頁
• バフチンの「時空」概念の根底
• チェーホフにおける自我の拡大とウサージバの形象

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