バフチンの「時空」概念の根底

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概要

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• "Chronotope" is defined as "the interrelation between time and space" and is an indicator of the relationship between the hero and his world. The opposition "native world - alien world" expresses this relationship on a spatial plane. To be more specific, in a "native world" the self and the world are in unity, whereas in an "alien world" they are split. Bakhtin considers that the novel appears where the "native world" begins to decay, giving birth to an "alien world". As a result, the novel implies an urge for recovering the "native world". Here, the "alien world" opens up a possibility for a "true native world" by demystifying the existing "native world". This means that the self/world relationship is viewed by Bakhtin from the viewpoint of a dialectic development: unity-split-higher unity. In the works of Goethe and Rabelais Bakhtin sees the best expression of a reunion of the seIf and the world, i.e., tlle ideal forms of linkage between time and space in the novel. Concerning other forms of linkage Bakhtin gives a typological analysis. In other works by Bakhtin the concepts "aesthetic activity" and "utterance" play the same role as "chronotope"; they are knots of subjectivity and objectivity and they form bases of typologies. But the former two concepts are foreign to dialectics, on which the idea of "chronotope" founded. This is related to a difference in the ideal which Bakhtin finds in Goethe and Rabelais (viz. unity of the self and the world) to that in Dostoevsky (the "dialogic relationship" between individuals).

著者

• 郡 伸哉

  中京大学

関連論文

• 井桁貞義著, 『ドストエフスキイ・言葉の生命』, 群像社, 2003年, 507頁
• 桑野隆著, 『バフチン新版-そして-』, 岩波書店, 2002年, x+284+5頁 / ミハイル・バフチン著, 『バフチン言語論入門』, 桑野隆・小林潔編訳, せりか書房, 2002年, 234頁
• バフチンの「時空」概念の根底
• チェーホフにおける自我の拡大とウサージバの形象

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