日本の古生痕学の現状と課題
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Studies on "Vorzeitlich Lebensspuren" in Japan can be classified into three categories, viz., the first, or historical progress the second, or methods of study, the third, or the writer's study. Each category is explained in detail. The historical progress of study can be classified into two periods. The first period is prior to 1945, when H. YABE, I. HAYASAKA, and K. HATAI pioneered this study to development. They concentrated to the morphological descriptions of both recent and fossil Lebensspuren. The second period, subsequent to 1945, S. IJIRI, M. MINATO, and M. OMORI emphasized on the value of this study from the view of systematic paleontology. The study of "Fossil-enclosure" by S. IJIRI, and Y. FUJITA (1945) with. the collaboration of K. SUYAMA (1952) on the study of Lebensspuren became the starting point of synthetic postwar research on Vorzeitlich Lebensspuren, Studies on the ecology and sedimentation of Matsukawa-Ura, Fukushima Prefecture by the members of the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University (ASANO et al. 1955), may be regarded as the first approach to the studies on paleoecology in Japan. The writer and K. OSHIMA have been studying the living "Lebensspuren" and have succeeded in obtaining good results. The second category summarizes the important features which the writer has learned from experience. These are enumerated below: 1. To absorb observations of amateurs, children and. fishermen. 2. To make observation on the seasonal changes of the burrowers. 3. To make long period observations (24 hours) regardless of the weather. 4. To observe when possible to obtain data on the Lebensspuren of the deep sea, 5. To make observations on animals developing Lebensspuren by means of breeding. The third category is represented by three examples. These are: 1) The common shape of the burrows of Crustacea living in and around Matsukawa-Ura, especially crabs, are shown in the table. Each species has its own shape of burrow, and this can be correlated to the fossil burrow. For the future comparative study, the method of the description is shown giving the examples of Helice tridens tridens. In the region extending from Matsunoyama to Matsudai, Higashikubiki District in Niigata Prefecture, the formations ranging in age from Upper Miocene to Lower Pleistocene are well developed. Characteristic Lebensspuren can be found in each horizon of those formations. But their systematic discriminations are not easy because the older the age is, the more difficult the comparison with living ones becomes. This is the second example. The third example is the record of the 24 hours observation of the crawl prints and feeding of Cipangopaludina japonica. In general, Cipangopaludina japonica is regarded not to move much, but such is not the case. The temperature of the water influences its movement very much. Pictures which show the characteristic crawl prints are very interesting.
- 日本地質学会の論文
- 1968-12-28
著者
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