ホルマリン・クレゾール製剤の殺菌作用 : 細胞毒性ならびに局所作用の比較検討
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Though a medicament containing formalin and cresol shows potent effect of disinfection for root canal, it is only too caustic and irritating, resulting in injury to tissue, and toxic enough to kill the cultured cells even in a low concentration. In this study a comprehensive investigation has been made of FC, a mixture containing an equal quantity each of formalin and cresol, especially on the above effects in low concentration of it. FC was tested first for its microbicidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans), and for its cytotoxic effect on the cultured cells of L and HeLa strain in comparison with Liquefied-phenol (J. P. XI). Then the local reactin of rabbit skin to either FC or its serial dilutions, which had been injected intracutaneously, was observed and the injured tissue was examined histopathologically. The results were as follows : 1. FC and Liquefied-phenol varied distinctly with the test strain in the lowest microbicidal concentration from 5.50×10^<-4> to 2.25×10^<-3> g/ml and from 2.00×10^<-3> to 5.00×10^<-3> g/ml respectively, as they were contacted with microorganisms for 24 hours. Potency of microbicidal effect (P_m) of FC compared with Liquefied-phenol was found to be from 2.2 to 3.8. 2. The lowest concentrations of FC and Liquefied-phenol causing complete cytolysis of L and HeLa cells in 24 hours were 1.00×10^<-4> g/ml and 4.50×10^<-4> g/ml respectively. Potency of cytotoxicity (P_c) of FC compared with Liquefied-phenol was 4.5 for both cells. 3. The microbicidal concentration of FC was lower than the cytotoxic one, and quotient of the latter divided by the former varied distinctly with the test strains between 5.5 and 22.5. 4. Toxicity index showing relation between the disinfecting and the cytotoxic power was revised with use of a standard drug of Liquefied-phenol so as to be calculated by a formula P_c/P_m, and was from 1.2 to 2.0 for FC. 5. When FC was in a constant concentration of either 10^<-4> g/ml or 10^<-5> g/ml, shortening the time of cell-FC contact below 10 minutes caused the cytotoxicic effect to diminish markedly. 6. The higher the concentration of serum added, the more decreased the cytotoxic effect of FC was. Fifty percent inhibition of adhesion of suspended cells was caused in the concentration of 0.9×10^<-5> g/ml for 0%-serum group, 2.7×10^<-5> g/ml for 10%-serum group and 3.5×10^<-5> g/ml for 40%-serum group. 7. It was found that the lowest concentration of FC was 1.0×10^<-1> g/ml for cauterization and 3.3×10^<-3> g/ml for inflammation on rabbit skin. 8. The tissue examination showed that necrosis and fixation were caused at the full concentration, necrosis alone at 1.0×10^<-1> g/ml and at 1.0×10^<-2> g/ml, and under 1.0×10^<-3> g/ml no significant toxicity was found when compared with controls. From the above, the correlation between mocrobicidal and cytotoxic power in vitro and injurous effect to cause local reaction in vivo have been revealed on FC more clearly than before. Another point of interest is that the toxicity index revised may be useful to make evaluation of FC more reasonable in comparison with the other drugs of dental disinfectants.
- 1989-08-25
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