数種翼手目における咬筋および側頭筋の比較解剖学的研究
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概要
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Using six kinds of Chiroptera with different food habits, the masseter and temporal muscles were observed gross anatomically and further enzymo-histochemically, light microscopically and electron microscopically. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The masseter muscle of insectivorous bats is composed of muscular tissues at almost all of its muscular layer, with vertically running muscular fibers compared with other bats that different food habits. The temporal muscle is well developed, with vertically running muscular fibers. The case is the same with carnivorous animals which there will make quick masticatory movements, with up and down dilated upper and lower jaws when capturing their prey. 2. The masseter muscle of carpophagous bats includes alternated tendon tissues and muscular tissues at the original and insertion regions of each muscular layer, and the temporal muscle includes well-developed superficial temporal muscle functioning so as to push forward the lower jaw. The case is the same with herbivorous animals which have a long time grinding down action. However, carpophagous bats, which will eat preferentially matured fruits, have improper masseter group considered to have a persistent action, which is not so well developed as herbivorous animals. 3. The masseter muscle of vampire bats is composed of muscular tissues with undeveloped tendon tissues, which seems to have for its object to injure any domestic animal as their prey, when they strongly bite at it. The deep temporal muscle, which is considered to act on the retrusion, is well developed, which seems to be due to an action strongly pulling rearward lower jaw on occlusion. 4. For proper masseter muscle of nectarphagous bats, vertically running muscular fibers at the first of the superficial masseter and tendon tissues at the second of the superficial masseter. Shallow of the masseteric fossa results in a mal-development of the deep masseter, and further the temporal muscle is also poorly developed which seems to be due to practical needlessness of opening the mouth largely. 5. The results obtained from enzymo-histochemical, light microscopic and electron microscopic examinations revealed that as with carpophagous, vampire and nectarphagous bats masticatory muscles making comparatively simple masticatory movement were composed of a single kind of muscular fibers, while as with insectivorous bats which will quickly capture their prey while flying and crush it with their large opened mouth into small pieces, which they will masticate persistently, the masseter and temporal muscles were composed of two kinds of muscular fibers with high aerobic metabolic function, and also fine structurally, contained numerous lipid droplets and mitochondria with well-developed cristae.
- 九州歯科学会の論文
- 1984-10-25