戦後初期における飯塚浩二の言論活動(下)
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概要
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During the early years after World War II, Koji Iizuka (1906-1970) bent his energies, in his speech and writing, on the democratization of Japanese culture and on the exaltation of social consciousness of the Japanese. What did he speak and write for the purpose of following up his study about these problems ? How was it related to his studies during the war ? What position did it occupy in the postwar national affairs ? In this paper the writer elucidates these problems. The most remarkable points to note are as follows : 1) He gave comparative consideration, in the light of the history of world civilization, to the oriental civilization including the Japanese one, the immature democracy of which he thought was at a crisis. He further pointed out that American civilization was the ultra-modern civilization, which was different from European civilization. 2) During the war, he prosecuted the analytical study of the oriental society so as to put into practice the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, from the standpoint of Japanese superiority in modernization and industrialization: After the war, on the contrary, he prosecuted that study in search of Japanese democratization as one of the oriental communities. 3) He criticized severely the morel civilization of Japan that had not yet reached the modern stage, and urged the Japanese to revolutionize this social consciousness. Next he gave the first scientific study to the Japanese army, which trial was put under a taboo. As a result, he made clear the general features of Japanese society and civilization. 4) He criticized the Japanese intellectuals on the ground that they had both modern ideas and feudal ones, that they had abandoned the former so easily during the war, and that they had been separated from the masses. He also criticized them because their learning had been hither to removed from realities. 5) He thought of a modern civil society as a model of Japanese democratization. And yet, he regarded the revolution in China, which broke out in 1949, as the first democratic revolution in the oriental countries. As a consequence, he considered a sound nationalism to be a driving force of democratization. The writer finds lizuka's self-examination of his studies during the war in his activities of speech and writing, as one of the modernists after the war. The writer also finds that his activities were divorced from realities and the masses. It is, however, significant that he continued to criticize persistently the Japanese undeveloped moral civilization, and in relation to that, he criticized the learning and intellectuals of Japan.