地割の源流 : モヘンジョ・ダロ都市プランの再検討

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The excavation of Mohenjo-Daro revealed the most ancient town planning in the world. In the chapter "Architecture and Massonry" in the vol. 1 of the voluminous reports "Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Civilization" which was published m 1931 under the direction of Sir John Marshall, Ernest Mackay had stated that all main streets were oriented to the points of the compass, the broad streets were about 30ft. wide, and the lanes varied from 3 ft. 8 inches. to 7ft. in width. In the attached general map "Site Plan of MohenJo-Daro" were shown First Street and East Street as the main streets running north-south and east-west respectively. Mr. Mackay continued the excavation and published "Further Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro, vol. 2 in 1938. Prof. S. Piggot indicated at first the street-plan on Mohenjo-Daro as shown in Fig. I using the site plan of above two reports. He supposed the basic lay-out would be a gridiron of main streets running north-south and east-west, dividing the area into blocks of roughly equal size and approximately rectangular in shape, 800ft. east-to-west and 1200ft. north-to-south. The present author interpretes a new idea regarding the township of Mohenjo-Daro vide Fig. 2. The difference between two figures is caused mostly from the north-south street direction of Dk area C section in the site plan of Mohenjo-Daro. It is written in N 1°-2° W direction in the plan, but according to the detailed map of Dk area B and C sections (-PL. LXII in vol. 3 of Marshall's Report), it is clear that the direction is at least N 5° E, and the present author corrected the direction of these sites with relation to A and G sections. Thus the north-south street in Dk area B section is almost parallel to the First St. on the contrary to the Piggot's plan, in which streets run unparallel; this is the result of the mistaken mapping in original site plan. North-south street in A section in Dk area is also parallel to the First St., and extending street lines in A. B and C sections the present author found that the distance between these streets are almost equal with about 600 ft. or 180m. The present author supposed the width of blocks would be 600ft. Drawing parallel to the First St. to the westward, the first line coincides with the western edge of eastern mound of the site, and the second one traverses the eastern edge of Stupa mound, passing through the Stupa site. It would have significant meaning. Although this Stupa was erected during 2 century A. D., but the site would have been the religious centre since the beginning of the town. We found such site was used as the centre of towns in ancient orient and Indian cities, this tradition would have been occurred from Indus Cities. It is said that the so-called East St. which passed through the site from east to west would be the standard line, but this is not backed by excavation. The broad way which has about 30ft. width was found only in two places, one in the southern street of the great Bath, and the other in Dk area C section. If we extend these two street lines, the distance between them is almost 600ft and thus we can affirm the standard block must be 600ft. square in shape, and also as to the demarcation standard line of east-west streets would be the line which coincides with the southern street of great Bath, because it is quite close to Stupa. Many supposed street lines are situated on the edges of mounds. From the excavation it is clear that the main street was paved with bricks, so they would have stood against the erosion. We can conclude that the township of Mohenjo-Daro was laid out in grid pattern, 600it. × 600ft. square block as standard, north-south standard line of demarcation was the line which passed through the Stupa and has N 6° E direction, and the east-west standard line was the one which passed to the southern limit of the great Bath. The extent of the town would have been about 1 kilometre square in shape, including 36 standard blocks. The two blocks in th
地理科学学会の論文
1973-12-01

地割の源流 : モヘンジョ・ダロ都市プランの再検討

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