イギリス保守党調査部創設の政治史的背景 : 関税改革論争を中心として

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The aim of this paper is to examine the historical origins of the Conservative Research Department(CRD) in the 1920s in order to illustrate a significant feature of British party politics. The CRD was established in 1929, when the Conservatives were out of power. It is said that in view of the growing complexity of the political aspect of modern industrial, imperial and social problems, Stanley Baldwin, Leader of the Opposition, decided to set up a department charged with the task of organizing and conducting research into these matters. The CRD has played an important role in the making of Conservative policy, especially the production of the general election manifestos since then. Although the Conservative manifesto is shaped by a group of senior cabinet ministers, chosen and overseen by the Party Leader, they are assisted by the CRD staff. Why did the Conservative Party, without surrendering its political tradition, manage to found the CRD under changing political and economic conditions in the late 1910s and early 1920s? What is the driving force in the establishment and development of the Department? An answer to these questions depends on the existence and infuluence of the Conservative tariff reformers such as Alfred Milner, L.S.Amery and Neville Chamberlain. According to Arnord Beichman, however, not only are the origins of the CRD or at least its paternity somewhat obscure. 'Equally obscure is the identity of the man who became its first director, Joseph Ball.' Hence this paper offers an explanation by studying a close connection between tariff reform and the CRD's role at that time. On a survey of various historical materials this study shows the following conclusions: The Conservative Party, as Alistair B.Cooke suggests, has N.Chamberlain to thank for providing it with something infinitely more substantial with which to counter the explicit promises of both parties of the left after the First World War. 'It was Chamberlain who extracted a range of carefully considered and distincive proposals from the party policy secretariat set up in 1924 by Stanley Baldwin. 1924's ground - breaking achievement could be repeated with comparatively little difficulty after 1929 when the party revived its short - lived policy secretariat as a permanent CRD under Chamberlain's control'. It is obvious from a historical point of view that N.Chamberlain and the tariff reformers actually founded the CRD.
日本法政学会の論文
2000-11-15

著者

渡辺容一郎
日本大学法学部

イギリス保守党調査部創設の政治史的背景 : 関税改革論争を中心として

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