ソ連邦・ロシア憲法史 : 憲法を通して見る国家体制と連邦構成共和国
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概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
It has been said that the constitution of Soviet Union is merely an ideal. However, there were intentions of Soviet authority behind articles of the Constitution. The Constitution of Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic which was formed in 1918 after Russian Revolution contained equality of nations and rights of national selfdeterminations which Lenin insisted. That was to gain a centripetal force for construction of the first socialist state in the world. This Constitution became a foundation of following Soviet Constitutions. In 1922 Soviet Union was born and in 1924 so-called Lenin's Constitution was adopted. A right of every republic of the Soviet Union to separate from the Union was specified on the Constitution. However, the rights was noting but pie in the sky, that is, an unusable right indeed. Stalin was going to detach the realities of politics from the contents of the Constitution. After Lenin's death, Stalin hardened own base of power by means of tremendous purges and amended the Constitution in 1936. On the Constitution the rule-sysytem of the Soviet government untouchable to the republic governments was provided. After World War II the Constitution was amended in the Brezhnev era. In this era Soviet society was stagnant and Soviet elites "Nomenklatura" was going to defend own bases of political powers. Backed up by the stable base, Nomenklatura wrote about the rule of Soviet Communist Party on the Constitution. Thus a triple rule of Soviet Union, which was Soviet government-republic government, federal ministries-republic ministries, and the communist party, was established. Soviet Union which was equally united soviet republics kept its integration during Soviet government's keeping a centripetal force. But as soon as the centripetal force was going to be week, centrifugal forces of republics were going to be strong. That became one of the elements for disintegration of Soviet Union.
- 日本法政学会の論文
- 1999-11-15