ジャガイモ萎ちょう細菌病の新潟における発生

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In June, 1977, bacterial stem rot of potato caused by Erwinia chrysanthemni Burkholder et al. occurred in Niigata, Japan, for the first time. It was the second record in the world that the disease was found on potatoes. Streaks developed first on petiole of lower leaves of the affected plants, and the non the stems in which vessels later discolored. These leaves became pale and then yellow before the plants finally died. The stems near the soil level turned dark, appearing similar symptoms to those of potato black leg disease caused by Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica. When severely attacked, pith was rotted with a hollow and plants collapsed. The bacteriological characteristics of the pathogen were determined. The bacterium was gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods, motile by several peritrichous flagella, measuring 0.3 〜 0.8 × 1.0 〜 4.0 μm; facultative anaerobe. Colonies on nutrient agar were greyish white, round or amoeboid, smooth, shining, convex to slightly raised. The blue pigment was not produced on GYCA. Gelatin was hydrolysed, but not starch. Potato slices were strongly rotted. Nitrate was reduced. Glucose was fermentatively metabolized. Acid was produced within 7 days from the following compounds: arabinose, xylose, galactose, mannose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, inositol and salicin; but not from lactose, maltose, α-methyl glucoside, trehalose, adonitol, dulcitol and melezitose. Acid was produced from lactose after 14 days. Tartrate, citrate and malonate were used as carbon source; but not propionate or benzoate. Catalase, lecithinase and phosphatase reactions were positive. Kovacs' oxidase, urease, lipase, tyrosinase, phenylalanine deaminase and amino acid decarboxylases were all negative. Production of reducing substances from sucrose was negative. Maximum NaCl tolerance was 5%. Maximum growth temperature was 37 C.
日本植物病理学会の論文
1979-09-25

ジャガイモ萎ちょう細菌病の新潟における発生

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