土壌及溶液中に於けるアムモニヤ化合物の光化学的酸化作用に就て

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Experiments were conducted to prove that nitrification in soil is not entirely bacterial, but at least in part, due to photo-oxidation which takes place at the presence of various organic and inoganic photosensitizers under the influence of sunlight. The results will be summarized as follows ; - 1. There was observed no oxidation of ammonium-carbonate, kept in the dark or in the absence of photo-catalysts even when it was exposed to sunlight for 148 hours. 2. Ammonium-sulphate was also oxidized by ultra-violet ray from quartz mercury vapour lamp. 3. Comparative experiments showed the following order of photosensitizing activity of various compounds. ZnO>TiO_2,TiO_2 oxide gel>Ti(OH)_4+Aq>Animal charcoal, CaO>Na_2U_2O_7,K_2TiO_3,Fe_2O_3,MgO. 4. When aqueous solution of ammonium salt was kept distinetly alkaline by the addition of CaCO_3 or 10% NaOH or KOH solution throughout the exposure, the rate of oxidation was greatly increased. 5. Photosensitizing activity of TiO_2 and titanium oxide gel prepared after Graham's method was markedly altered by heating for 2 hours at various temperatures. In the case of TiO_2,the activity was increased by ignition at from 100° to 800℃. And in the case of titanium oxide gel, it was increased until 450℃. and showed a rapid fall at 800℃. 6. The effects of the amount of TiO_2,concentration of ammonium salt applied and the time of exposure upon the above photo-oxidation were tested and it was found that the photo-oxidation was increased with these amounts but without any proportionality. 7. The oxidation of ammonium-sulfate was also studies with quartz sand and soil heated 2 hours at 600℃. Ammonium-sulphate solution mixed with the heated soil or quartz sand with or without small quantity of TiO_2 and CaCO_3 was oxidized more in sunlight than in dark. Further, it was found that the photo-oxidation was increased markedly by the surface area of soil-particles.
1936-03-25

土壌及溶液中に於けるアムモニヤ化合物の光化学的酸化作用に就て

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