中世後期における在地領主の収取と財政 : 朽木文書の帳簿類の分析から
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概要
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The Study of local seigneurs in the Late Medieval Age in Japan is not as popular as the research on such middle classes as landowners and local gentry. Recently, however, their distinctive character has been made clear, particularly by N.Kurushima and H.Ishida in their studies of the Yamanaka clan at Koga-gun in Omi Province. But, as the revenue of the local seigneurs as their financial foundation has not been investigated, it is not clear how exactly they do differ from the middle class. In this paper, the author attempts to elucidate this point by investigating the revenue and finances of the Kutsuki clan at Takashima-gun in Omi Province, which is known as a typical local seigneur. For that purpose, he analyzes the ledgers of that clan documents which have been ignored so far. Since coming into the possesion of Kutsuki Estate, the Kutsuki clan received the revenue from the annual land payment (Hon-nengu) under the manorial system, and put the principal part of the fields under their direct management. The clan kept this seignorial revenue together with its organizational structure until the 15th and 16th centuries. In the second half of 15th century, the Kutsuki clan accumulated surtax ground rent (Kajishi) through land purchases in and out of Kutsuki Estate. The revenue consisted of both the traditional seignorial revenue and the surtax ground rent, which was similar to land-owner's revenue. In the author's view, since there were middle class persons and villages in Kutsuki Estate that could also accumulate surtax ground rent through purchase, the Kutsuki clan was not always dominant in the accumulation of this rent. Partly because of this, and partly because of its animated military and political activities, the Kutsuki clan suffered from chronic deficit financing. Under this financial condition, what the Kutsuki clan received as constant revenue was the seignorial levy called "Kuji" (which included the annual land payment). This tells us that the seignorial levy was public in character, which was the basis of its constancy, while the surtax ground rent was private. Accordingly, it follows that the financial foundation of the local seigneurs was Kuji revenue, while that of the middle class was the revenue from the surtax ground rent. Moreover, the public character of "Kuji" was vital to the subsistence of the local seigneurs.
- 1988-07-20
著者
関連論文
- 『山梨県史』資料編四〜七(中世一〜四), 山梨県史編さん室, 一九九九〜二〇〇五年刊, A4変, 平均一〇七五頁, 各六一九〇円
- 錦昭江著, 『刀禰と中世村落』(歴史科学叢書), 校倉書房, 二〇〇二・六刊, A5, 四二〇頁, 一〇〇〇〇円
- 日本 : 中世 八(一九九〇年の歴史学界 : 回顧と展望)
- 中世後期における在地領主の収取と財政 : 朽木文書の帳簿類の分析から
- 鈴木哲雄著, 『香取文書と中世の東国』(同成社中世史選書5), 同成社, 二〇〇九・一一, A5, 三七〇頁, 六〇〇〇円