唐代の制書式に就いて : 仁井田陞氏復元制書式の検討を中心に
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概要
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During the T'ang Period there were seven forms of imperial edict. Of these, the most important type was chih (制). Of the documents to which the name chih was given, there were chih-shu (制書) and wei-lao chih-shu (慰労制書). In addition, the T'ang literature produces such variations as mo-chih (墨制), shou-chih (手制) and yi-chih (遺制), and there are also the words, te-yin (徳音) and she-shu (赦書). While mo-chih and shou-chih are synonyms for wei-lao chih-shu, the others are merely different names for chih-shu itself. Despite the chih-shu being beyond a doubt the most important type of imperial statement (王言), the so-called chih document form, which would relate the process by which this imperial statement came in to being, has been lost. Concerning the actual written form of chih, there is the attempt at reconstruction by Niida Noboru in the 『唐令拾遺』「公式令第一条」. However, Dr.Niidas' reconstructed chih document form is in need of revision. In this paper, the author attempts such a revision touching on the following four points. 1)After the 門下省's 覆奏, the date (year, month and day) on which the 覆奏 was submitted should be entered. 2)The imperial words, 「可(御画)」, approving the 門下省's 覆奏 should be added. 3)On the line following the words, 「主者施行」, a simple dating (「年月日」) should be revised by the form, 「年月御画日」. 4)During the T'ang period, the chih document form was used at both times of importance and at times of relative unimportance. The chih document form reconstructed from the 「制授告身式」 is a form used at insignificant times, and therefore gives only one side to the form of the chih documents of the T'ang period. It is self-evident that the above reconstructed chih document form is a formalization influenced by earlier periods. By merely looking at the superficial appearance of the T'ang chih document, and by the fact that the origin of the edict itself is closely related to the official position of Chi-shih-chung (給事中) which was set up during the reign of the Emperor Yang (煬帝), the author concludes that the chih document forms were established between the late Sui and early T'ang periods.
- 財団法人史学会の論文
- 1982-09-20